The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 ) - TEXT IN ENGLISH - ENGLISH VERSION -

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The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 )

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"The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 )

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BRIEF HISTORY of the events leading to the STORMING of the BASTILLE

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BEGINNING

Faced with the financial and social crisis, King Louis XVI resolved to convene the Estates-General in May 1789, an assembly of the three orders (clergy, nobility, and Third Estate) which had not met since 1614. 
However, this attempt to resolve the crisis through institutional channels quickly ends in failure. The representatives of the Third Estate, frustrated by the system of voting by order which disadvantages them, decide to constitute themselves into a National Assembly on June 17, 1789.

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On June 20, 1789, the deputies of the Third Estate, joined by some members of the clergy and nobility, took the famous Oath of the Jeu de Paume. 

Called this way because unable to gather in their usual room, they gather in a "gym" the "Jeu de paume".
This palm game resembling our current squatch . . .

They swear not to separate before having given a constitution to France, thus openly challenging the royal authority. This act of disobedience marks the emergence of the National Constituent Assembly and lays the groundwork for the future revolution 
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the STORMING of the BASTILLE

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In the accomplishment of this popular revolt, the people of Paris truly become aware of the fact that they are capable of fighting victoriously against a corrupt and unconscious power in the state of disrepair of the country.

The events that caused this rise

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JUNE 20 - 1789

The event accompanies the political revolution initiated by the deputies of the Estates-General meeting in Versailles, who since June 20 ( 1789 date of the oath of the Jeu de Paume ) seek to impose themselves on the king as a National Constituent Assembly while the King considers it simply consultative 
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The storming of the Bastille is part of the popular and political mobilization movement that agitated the cities of the Kingdom of France during the summer of 1789. The event accompanies the political revolution initiated by the deputies of the Estates-General meeting in Versailles, who since June 20 (date of the oath of the Jeu de Paume) seek to impose themselves on the king as a National Constituent Assembly .

In the accomplishment of this popular revolt, the people of Paris truly become aware of the fact that they are capable of fighting victoriously against a corrupt and unconscious power in the state of disrepair of the country . . . 

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The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 )

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The storming of the Bastille . . . 

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the people of Paris had been worried for several days, fearing that the foreign mercenary troops massed around the capital since June would end up being used against the States-General or to serve a hypothetical massacre of the population and especially 'patriots'. 
The echoes and publicity of the debates of the Assembly counted as much in the popular mobilization as "the anger and fears accumulated in the different strata of the Parisian population", fear of an "aristocratic plot", fear of scarcity fueled by the fantasies of a 'famine pact'. On July 14, the price of bread has reached its maximum since the reign of Louis XIV . The budgetary issue is at the heart of the insurrection .

The portrait of the rioters confirms these subsistence concerns: «tradesmen», artisans, shop clerks . The processions are made up of employees from the suburbs, fathers, two-thirds of whom are literate . Jeu de paume ) seek to impose itself on the king as a National Constituent Assembly while the King considers it simply consultative up the the people of Paris had been worried for several days, fearing that the foreign mercenary troops massed around the capital since June would end up being used against the States-General or to serve a hypothetical massacre of the population and especially 'patriots'. 

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The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 )

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JULY 14 -

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Today, July 14th remains a highlight of French national life. It is marked by official ceremonies, including the military parade on the Champs-Élysées, but also by popular festivities throughout the country . This duality between official celebration and popular festival well reflects the dual nature of the storming of the Bastille: historical event and popular symbol .

Today, historiography tends to adopt a nuanced position, recognizing both the immense symbolic significance of the storming of the Bastille and the limits of its factual reality . 
This approach allows a more detailed understanding of this key event in French history .

Paradoxically, the main monument commemorating the storming of the Bastille is... the absence of the Bastille itself. The location of the former fortress is today occupied by the Place de la Bastille, in the center of
 which stands the July Column. 

This column, erected between 1835 and 1840, does not directly commemorate the storming of the Bastille, but the Trois Glorieuses ( French Revolution of July 1830. Nevertheless ), it has by extension become a symbol of the French Revolution as a whole.

The layout of the ancient fortress is marked on the ground by cobblestones, allowing visitors to get an idea of its dimensions . 

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The surrender and its immediate consequences

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Around 5 PM, the situation becomes untenable for the defenders of the Bastille. The arrival of reinforcements from the side of the attackers, notably the French Guards with their cannons ( troops in charge of defending the King and rallying to the rebels ), tilts the balance. 
Governor De Launay, seeing his position compromised, decides to capitulate .

POPULAR MOBILIZATION

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The people of Paris had been worried for several days, fearing that the foreign mercenary troops massed around the capital since June would end up being used against the States-General or to serve a hypothetical massacre of the population e't especially the 'patriots'. 
The echoes and publicity of the debates of the Assembly counted as much in the popular mobilization as " the anger and fears accumulated in the different strata of the Parisian population", fear of an "aristocratic plot", fear of scarcity fueled by the fantasies of a 'famine pact' .

On July 14, the price of bread has reached its maximum since the reign of Louis XIV. The budgetary issue is at the heart of the insurrection . The portrait of the rioters confirms these subsistence concerns : - «tradesmen», artisans, shop clerks . The processions are made up of employees from the suburbs, fathers, two-thirds of whom are literate .

The surrender of the fortress triggers scenes of jubilation among the attackers . 

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Seven prisoners are released from the Bastille, and welcomed as heroes by the crowd. 

This first violence announcing 4 years of massacre ( he terror )
but triggering the institutional process leading to the establishment of the Republic .

The euphoria of victory quickly gives way to acts of violence.  Governor De Launay, despite the efforts of some to protect him, is lynched by the furious crowd .

His head is cut off and walked at the end of a pike through the streets of Paris, an act that foreshadows the revolutionary violence to come .

In the process, a revolutionary municipality is created, headed by Jean Sylvain Bailly as mayor of Paris, and the formation of the National Guard under the command of La Fayette . 

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The storming of the Bastille ( 14-07-1789 )

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THE BEGINNINGS OF A PREDICTABLE REVOLT

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The siege and surrender of this royal fortress follows a period of government vacuum, economic crisis, and political tensions. .

For the first time in hundreds of years, the meeting of the Estates-General gives the ‘THIRD STATE” ( the popular deputies ) the opportunity to transform this meeting into a genuine Constituent Assembly .

The dismissal, by the King, of the minister Jacques Necker (announced on July 12 by the journalist Camille Desmoulins in one of the first popular newspapers), the perceived threat from the presence of mercenary troops on the outskirts of the city, causes a " popular explosion "motivated by hunger, the weight of a repressive police and the fear of the excesses of the paramilitary .

Towards a perenization of this date as NATIONAL DAY

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The Federation Day was organized on the same date the following year, to coincide with the first anniversary of the event. The date of July 14 was then chosen in 1880 to celebrate the French national holiday .

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ANNEX 1 -

describing the disarm and misunderstanding of the royal administration and the government . (  one of the causes of the riot ) .

The site of the Bastille, where the Baron de Besenval stored the gunpowder from the arsenal, is known for its strategic weakness. His governor was disowned by his superiors and Besenval himself claims to have sought to give him a replacement at the beginning of July 1789.

The situation requires additional human and military resources. De Broglie asks his lieutenant to reinforce the strength of thirty Swiss soldiers and sends cannoneers to examine " if the parts are in condition, and serve them, if it became necessary " . . 
The Bastille in 1789 is defended by a garrison of only 32 Swiss soldiers detached from the Salis-Samade regiment and 82 war-disabled veterans.

Today, July 14th remains a highlight of French national life . It is marked by official ceremonies, including the military parade on the Champs-Élysées, but also by popular festivities throughout the country. This duality between official celebration and popular festival well reflects the dual nature of the storming of the Bastille :

- historical event and popular symbol.

Today, historiography tends to adopt a nuanced position, recognizing both the immense symbolic significance of the storming of the Bastille and the limits of its factual reality. 
This approach allows a more detailed understanding of this key event in French history.

Paradoxically, the main monument commemorating the storming of the Bastille is . . . the absence of the Bastille itself . The location of the former fortress is today occupied by the Place de la Bastille, in the center of  which stands the July Column. 

This column, erected between 1835 and 1840, does not directly commemorate the storming of the Bastille, but the " Trois Glorieuses  "( French Revolution of July 1830 . Nevertheless), it has by extension become a symbol of the French Revolution as a whole .

The layout of the ancient fortress is marked on the ground by cobblestones, allowing visitors to get an idea of its dimensions . 

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